Difference between revisions of "Other Legumes"

Revision as of 09:26, 26 February 2013 (view source) CAClark (Talk | contribs) (Created page with "American Groundnut (''Apios americana'') Hausa Groundnut (''Macrotyloma geocarpum'') Bambara Groundnut (''Vigna subterranea'') Pigeon Pea (''Cajanus cajan'') Sword Bean (''Ca...")		Latest revision as of 02:31, 15 November 2014 (view source) CAClark (Talk | contribs)
(8 intermediate revisions by one user not shown)
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−	American Groundnut (''Apios americana'')	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajanus_cajan Pigeon Pea] (''Cajanus cajan'')
−	Hausa Groundnut (''Macrotyloma geocarpum'')	+
−	Bambara Groundnut (''Vigna subterranea'')	+
−	Pigeon Pea (''Cajanus cajan'')	+	:Plant type:  drought-resistant small tree
−	Sword Bean (''Canavalia gladiata'')	+
−	Bitter Bean (''Parkia speciosa'')	+
−	Lupini (''Lupinus luteus'')	+
−	Horse Gram (''Macrotyloma uniflorum'')	+
−	Water Mimosa (''Neptunia oleracea'')	+
−	Moth Bean (''Phaseolus aconitifolius'')	+
−	Winged Bean (''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'')	+
−	Fenugreek (''Trigonella foenum-graecum'')	+
−	Morama Bean (''Tylosema esculentum'')	+
−	Black Gram (''Vigna mungo'')	+	:Native to:  India
−	Mung Bean (''Vigna radiata'')	+
−	Rice Bean (''Vigna umbellata'')	+
−	Caution:	+	:Parts eaten:  young pods and seeds, young shoots and leaves (cooked), mature seeds (cooked or sprouted and cooked)
−	Grasspea (''Lathyrus sativus'')	+
−	Sea Pea (''Lathyrus japonicus'')	+
−	Velvet Bean (''Mucuna pruriens'')	+
−	Tubers:	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis Jack Bean] (''Canavalia ensiformis'')
−	Buffalo Pea (''Pediomelum cuspidatum'')	+
−	Little Breadroot (''Pediomelum hypogaeum'')	+
−	Prairie Turnip (''Psoralea esculenta'')	+
		+	:Plant type:  vine
−	Trees with edible seeds and/or pulp:	+	:Native to:
−	Black Carob Tree (''Prosopis nigra'')	+	:Parts eaten:  young leaves, seeds (cooked)
−	Carob (''Ceratonia siliqua'')
−	Ice Cream Bean (''Inga edulis'' and ''Inga feuilleei'')	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_gladiata Sword Bean] (''Canavalia gladiata'')
−	Honey Locust (''Gleditsia triacanthos'')	+	:Plant type:  vine
−	Madras Thorn (''Pithecellobium dulce'')	+	:Native to:  tropical Asia
−	Palo Verde (''Parkinsonia microphylla'')	+	:Parts eaten:  seed (peeled and cooked)
−	Honey Mesquite (''Prosopis glandulosa'')
−	Screwbean Mesquite (''Prosopis pubescens'')
−	Velvet Mesquite (''Prosopis velutina'')
−	Siberian Peashrub (''Caragana arborescens'')	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrotyloma_uniflorum Horse Gram] (''Macrotyloma uniflorum'')
−	Sweet Detar (''Detarium microcarpum'' and ''Detarium senegalense'')	+	:Plant type:  vine or sprawling bush
−	Tahitian Chestnut (''Inocarpus fagifer'')	+	:Native to:  India
−	Tamarind (''Tamarindus indica'')	+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (cooked, sprouted, or ground into flour)
−	White Carob Tree (''Prosopis alba'')
−	Wattleseed (''Acacia holosericea'', ''Acacia victoriae'', and others)	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunia_oleracea Water Mimosa] (''Neptunia oleracea'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  sprawling, tropical land or aquatic plant
		+
		+	:Native to:  southeast Asia
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young shoots, leaves, stems and pods (raw or coooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_aconitifolius Moth Bean] (''Phaseolus aconitifolius'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-resistant sprawling bush
		+
		+	:Native to:  India
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (sprouted)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus Winged Bean] (''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical perennial vine
		+
		+	:Native to:  New Guinea
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  flowers (used as food coloring), young leaves (raw or cooked), young pods (raw or cooked), roots (cooked), dried seeds (ground and cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum Fenugreek] (''Trigonella foenum-graecum'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  bush
		+
		+	:Native to:  Middle East
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (sprouted), leaves (cooked), dried seeds (as spice).
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylosema_esculentum Morama Bean] (''Tylosema esculentum'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-resistant perennial vine
		+
		+	:Native to:  arid southern Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (cooked), young tubers (cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_mungo Black Gram] (''Vigna mungo'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  bush or half-runner
		+
		+	:Native to:  India
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_radiata Mung Bean] (''Vigna radiata'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  bush
		+
		+	:Native to:  India
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_umbellata Rice Bean] (''Vigna umbellata'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  vine
		+
		+	:Native to:  Indo-China
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (cooked), green pods
		+
		+
		+
		+	===Extra Caution===
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathyrus_japonicus Sea Pea] (''Lathyrus japonicus'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  short vines
		+
		+	:Native to:  coastal Asia, Europe, North and South America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  green pods, but like many other species of ''Lathyrus'', contains neurotoxins that cause permanent damage when eaten in sufficient quantity.
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathyrus_sativus Grasspea] (''Lathyrus sativus'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-tolerant short vines
		+
		+	:Native to:  Europe
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young seeds, mature seeds (dried and cooked).  Contains a neurotoxin that causes '''permanent''' paralysis when consumed in quantity over time; e.g., when used as a staple food for more than a month.
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupin_bean Lupini] (''Lupinus albus'', ''Lupinus angustifolius'', ''Lupinus luteus'', and ''Lupinus mutabilis'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  wildflowers
		+
		+	:Native to:  Mediterranean region
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (ground into flour, or pickled and eaten after extensive soaking and boiling to remove bitter alkaloids).  A known allergen, and if incorrectly prepared can cause poisoning, which while unpleasant is rarely fatal.
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuna_pruriens Velvet Bean] (''Mucuna pruriens'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical climbing shrub covered in itchy hairs
		+
		+	:Native to:  Africa, India, Caribbean
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young shoots and seeds (cooked and soaked extensively to reduce toxins)
		+
		+
		+
		+	===Underground===
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apios_americana American Groundnut] (''Apios americana'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  perennial vine
		+
		+	:Native to:  eastern North America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  flowers, young pods, seeds (cooked), tubers (cooked or dried)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrotyloma_geocarpum Hausa Groundnut] (''Macrotyloma geocarpum'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-resistant tropical bush with underground peanut-like pods
		+
		+	:Native to:  west Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkia_speciosa Bitter Bean] (''Parkia speciosa'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  Malaysia
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young pods (raw, cooked, or pickled), mature pods and seeds (cooked or dried)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediomelum_cuspidatum Buffalo Pea] (''Pediomelum cuspidatum'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  perennial wildflower
		+
		+	:Native to:  Texas prairies
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  tubers
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediomelum_hypogaeum Little Breadroot] (''Pediomelum hypogaeum'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  perennial wildflower
		+
		+	:Native to:  Texas prairies
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  tubers
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoralea_esculenta Prairie Turnip] (''Psoralea esculenta'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  perennial wildflower
		+
		+	:Native to:  central North America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  tubers (raw, cooked, or dried)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_subterranea Bambara Groundnut] (''Vigna subterranea'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought- and heat-resistant bush with underground peanut-like pods
		+
		+	:Native to:  west Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seeds (fresh, or dried and cooked)
		+
		+
		+
		+
		+	===Trees===
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattleseed Wattleseed] (''Acacia holosericea'', ''Acacia victoriae'', and others)
		+
		+	:Plant type:  shrubby trees
		+
		+	:Native to:  Australia
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young seeds (cooked), mature seeds (dried and ground and mixed into desserts or breads)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_gladiata Sword Bean] (''Canavalia gladiata'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  Old World
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young pods, mature seeds (cooked fermented, or roasted and ground as a coffee substitute).  Mildy toxic/anti-nutritional, which can be reduced by heat and soaking (discussed in the paper [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:CWlNjRvuwOMJ:xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/3004572/969524749/name/Canavanine%252Bcontent%252Bin%252Bsword%252Bbeans%252B(Canavalia%252Bgladiata)%252B-%252BAnalysis%252Band%252Beffect%252Bof%252Bprocessing.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjf48q83nBfwvQa4lrimkOJ7nXl5H2B5bQC83uBWFQNlMTfxCEMFRvq9nVQ56AQiJ4wuSogpCE6Zv-s8HhSEls204jvJqW_I-fUH-GvfKR0nSApn29lD7AR5fFhVe_vauL6uNDh&sig=AHIEtbQFkzX3YxzUQNq5MP7m8LX_pefDJQ "Canavanine content in sword beans: Analysis and effects of processing"]).
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caragana_arborescens Siberian Peashrub] (''Caragana arborescens'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  perennial shrub or small tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  Siberia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  flowers (raw), seeds (cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratonia_siliqua Carob] (''Ceratonia siliqua'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-tolerant evergreen tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  Mediterranean Europe and Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  mature pods (dried or roasted and ground)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_detar Sweet Detar] (''Detarium microcarpum'' and ''Detarium senegalense'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  west and central Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  fruit (fresh, dried, or cooked).  Some trees produce poisonous fruits.
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inga_feuilleei Ice Cream Bean] (''Inga edulis'' and ''Inga feuilleei'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical trees
		+
		+	:Native to:  Central and South America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pulp inside mature pods
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inocarpus_fagifer Tahitian Chestnut] (''Inocarpus fagifer'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  evergreen tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  southeast Asia and southwest Pacific
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  seed (cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleditsia_triacanthos Honey Locust] (''Gleditsia triacanthos'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  thorny tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  central North America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pulp inside pods (fresh or fermented into beer)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonia_microphylla Palo Verde] (''Parkinsonia microphylla'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-tolerant shrubby tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  southwest USA and northwest Mexico
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  young pods (cooked), flowers and young seeds, mature seeds (ground for flour)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithecellobium_dulce Madras Thorn] (''Pithecellobium dulce'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  thorny tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  Mexico, Central and South America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pulp inside pods
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_alba White Carob Tree] (''Prosopis alba'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  South America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pulp inside pods (ground into flour or fermented into alcohol)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_nigra Black Carob Tree] (''Prosopis nigra'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  South America
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  paste inside of mature pods (milled into flour or fermented into alcohol)
		+
		+
		+	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquite Mesquite] Honey Mesquite (''Prosopis glandulosa''), Screwbean Mesquite (''Prosopis pubescens''), Velvet Mesquite (''Prosopis velutina'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  drought-tolerant desert trees
		+
		+	:Native to:  southwest and south central USA, northern Mexico
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pods (ground into flour and cooked)
		+
		+
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarindus_indica Tamarind] (''Tamarindus indica'')
		+
		+	:Plant type:  tropical tree
		+
		+	:Native to:  tropical Africa
		+
		+	:Parts eaten:  pulp inside pods (used in desserts, jam, drinks, and snacks)

---

Latest revision as of 02:31, 15 November 2014

• Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

Plant type: drought-resistant small tree

Native to: India

Parts eaten: young pods and seeds, young shoots and leaves (cooked), mature seeds (cooked or sprouted and cooked)

• Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis)

Plant type: vine

Native to:

Parts eaten: young leaves, seeds (cooked)

• Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata)

Plant type: vine

Native to: tropical Asia

Parts eaten: seed (peeled and cooked)

• Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)

Plant type: vine or sprawling bush

Native to: India

Parts eaten: seeds (cooked, sprouted, or ground into flour)

• Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea)

Plant type: sprawling, tropical land or aquatic plant

Native to: southeast Asia

Parts eaten: young shoots, leaves, stems and pods (raw or coooked)

• Moth Bean (Phaseolus aconitifolius)

Plant type: drought-resistant sprawling bush

Native to: India

Parts eaten: seeds (sprouted)

• Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Plant type: tropical perennial vine

Native to: New Guinea

Parts eaten: flowers (used as food coloring), young leaves (raw or cooked), young pods (raw or cooked), roots (cooked), dried seeds (ground and cooked)

• Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Plant type: bush

Native to: Middle East

Parts eaten: seeds (sprouted), leaves (cooked), dried seeds (as spice).

• Morama Bean (Tylosema esculentum)

Plant type: drought-resistant perennial vine

Native to: arid southern Africa

Parts eaten: seeds (cooked), young tubers (cooked)

• Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

Plant type: bush or half-runner

Native to: India

Parts eaten: seeds (cooked)

• Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Plant type: bush

Native to: India

Parts eaten: seeds (cooked)

• Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata)

Plant type: vine

Native to: Indo-China

Parts eaten: seeds (cooked), green pods

Extra Caution

• Sea Pea (Lathyrus japonicus)

Plant type: short vines

Native to: coastal Asia, Europe, North and South America

Parts eaten: green pods, but like many other species of Lathyrus, contains neurotoxins that cause permanent damage when eaten in sufficient quantity.

• Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus)

Plant type: drought-tolerant short vines

Native to: Europe

Parts eaten: young seeds, mature seeds (dried and cooked). Contains a neurotoxin that causes permanent paralysis when consumed in quantity over time; e.g., when used as a staple food for more than a month.

• Lupini (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus, and Lupinus mutabilis)

Plant type: wildflowers

Native to: Mediterranean region

Parts eaten: seeds (ground into flour, or pickled and eaten after extensive soaking and boiling to remove bitter alkaloids). A known allergen, and if incorrectly prepared can cause poisoning, which while unpleasant is rarely fatal.

• Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens)

Plant type: tropical climbing shrub covered in itchy hairs

Native to: Africa, India, Caribbean

Parts eaten: young shoots and seeds (cooked and soaked extensively to reduce toxins)

Underground

• American Groundnut (Apios americana)

Plant type: perennial vine

Native to: eastern North America

Parts eaten: flowers, young pods, seeds (cooked), tubers (cooked or dried)

• Hausa Groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum)

Plant type: drought-resistant tropical bush with underground peanut-like pods

Native to: west Africa

Parts eaten: seeds

• Bitter Bean (Parkia speciosa)

Plant type: tropical tree

Native to: Malaysia

Parts eaten: young pods (raw, cooked, or pickled), mature pods and seeds (cooked or dried)

• Buffalo Pea (Pediomelum cuspidatum)

Plant type: perennial wildflower

Native to: Texas prairies

Parts eaten: tubers

• Little Breadroot (Pediomelum hypogaeum)

Plant type: perennial wildflower

Native to: Texas prairies

Parts eaten: tubers

• Prairie Turnip (Psoralea esculenta)

Plant type: perennial wildflower

Native to: central North America

Parts eaten: tubers (raw, cooked, or dried)

• Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea)

Plant type: drought- and heat-resistant bush with underground peanut-like pods

Native to: west Africa

Parts eaten: seeds (fresh, or dried and cooked)

Trees

• Wattleseed (Acacia holosericea, Acacia victoriae, and others)

Plant type: shrubby trees

Native to: Australia

Parts eaten: young seeds (cooked), mature seeds (dried and ground and mixed into desserts or breads)

• Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata)

Plant type: tropical tree

Native to: Old World

Parts eaten: young pods, mature seeds (cooked fermented, or roasted and ground as a coffee substitute). Mildy toxic/anti-nutritional, which can be reduced by heat and soaking (discussed in the paper "Canavanine content in sword beans: Analysis and effects of processing").

• Siberian Peashrub (Caragana arborescens)

Plant type: perennial shrub or small tree

Native to: Siberia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan

Parts eaten: flowers (raw), seeds (cooked)

• Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)

Plant type: drought-tolerant evergreen tree

Native to: Mediterranean Europe and Africa

Parts eaten: mature pods (dried or roasted and ground)

• Sweet Detar (Detarium microcarpum and Detarium senegalense)

Plant type: tree

Native to: west and central Africa

Parts eaten: fruit (fresh, dried, or cooked). Some trees produce poisonous fruits.

• Ice Cream Bean (Inga edulis and Inga feuilleei)

Plant type: tropical trees

Native to: Central and South America

Parts eaten: pulp inside mature pods

• Tahitian Chestnut (Inocarpus fagifer)

Plant type: evergreen tropical tree

Native to: southeast Asia and southwest Pacific

Parts eaten: seed (cooked)

• Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)

Plant type: thorny tree

Native to: central North America

Parts eaten: pulp inside pods (fresh or fermented into beer)

• Palo Verde (Parkinsonia microphylla)

Plant type: drought-tolerant shrubby tree

Native to: southwest USA and northwest Mexico

Parts eaten: young pods (cooked), flowers and young seeds, mature seeds (ground for flour)

• Madras Thorn (Pithecellobium dulce)

Plant type: thorny tree

Native to: Mexico, Central and South America

Parts eaten: pulp inside pods

• White Carob Tree (Prosopis alba)

Plant type: tropical tree

Native to: South America

Parts eaten: pulp inside pods (ground into flour or fermented into alcohol)

• Black Carob Tree (Prosopis nigra)

Plant type: tropical tree

Native to: South America

Parts eaten: paste inside of mature pods (milled into flour or fermented into alcohol)

• Mesquite Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), Screwbean Mesquite (Prosopis pubescens), Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina)

Plant type: drought-tolerant desert trees

Native to: southwest and south central USA, northern Mexico

Parts eaten: pods (ground into flour and cooked)

• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

Plant type: tropical tree

Native to: tropical Africa

Parts eaten: pulp inside pods (used in desserts, jam, drinks, and snacks)